The Use of ICT in the Teaching and Learning of Physical Education in Compulsory Education: How Do We Prepare the Workforce of the Future?

The Use of ICT in the Teaching and Learning of Physical Education in Compulsory Education: How Do We Prepare the Workforce of the Future?

Effects of Strategy Use on Children’s Motor Performance in a Continuous Timing Task (pp. 198–209)
Ting Liu and Jody L. Jensen The purposes of this study were to associate age-related performance deficits in children with the use of recall strategies and to determine whether children who performed poorly in cycling would benefit from learning a recall strategy. In Experiment 1, 18 younger children (ages 5–7 years) and 18 older children (ages 8–10 years) were asked to recall selected pedaling cadences. The majority of the older children used strategies and performed with less error than the younger children. In Experiment 2, children with a high number of errors in Experiment 1 were assigned to an experimental or a control group. The children in the experimental group were taught to use a specific recall strategy. The results showed that children who received the instruction in strategy use improved their performance.
New Walkers With Down Syndrome Use Cautious But Effective Strategies for Crossing Obstacles (pp. 210–219)
Genna M. Mulvey, Masayoshi Kubo, Chia-Lin Chang, and Beverly D. Ulrich
Perception of affordances research in children with developmental disabilities has only examined well practiced skills. Ten toddlers with Down syndrome and 10 with typical development walked across a GAITRite mat, with and without an obstacle. We coded the toddlers’ behaviors after 1 and 3 months of walking experience when they encountered the obstacle (avoid, crawl, error, and walk successfully) and calculated gait parameters (step length, width, and velocity). Both groups actively explored their affordances. Despite similar decreases in step length and velocity when approaching the obstacle, toddlers with Down syndrome were more likely to select successful but conservative crawling strategies that minimized balance requirements and reduced risk of falling. Group differences were due to risk management rather than difficulty perceiving affordances.

Growth and Motor Development

Growth and Motor Development
Physical Fitness in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder (pp. 438–450)
Nadja Schott, Verena Alof, Daniela Hultsch, and Dagmar Meermann
The protective effects of physical activity and fitness on cardiovascular health have clearly been shown
among normally developed children. However, data are currently lacking pertaining to children with
developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in fitness
measures, body composition, and physical activity among children with and without DCD. A cross-sectional
design was implemented examining 261 children (118 girls, 143 boys) ages 4–12 years (mean age 7.8 ± 1.9
years). Children were categorized as having DCD if they scored less than or equal to the 5th percentile (n =
71) or between the 6th and the 15th percentile (n = 52) on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children
(MABC; Henderson & Sugden, 1992). The typically developing children had scores between the 16th and the
50th percentile (n = 106) or above the 50th percentile (n = 32) on the MABC. The age-related body mass
index was used to characterize body composition. Physical fitness was assessed with a 6-min run, 20-m
sprint, jump-and-reach test, medicine ball throw, curl-ups, and sit-and-reach test. Physical activity was
estimated with a questionnaire. The percentage of overweight and obese children ages 10–12 years were
significantly higher in the DCD groups (severe: 50%, moderate: 23.1%) than in the typically developing
groups (medium: 5.6%, high: 0%; p  .05). Significant interactions (MABC x Age Group) were found for the
fitness tests (p values  .05), except flexibility; whereby specifically, compared to the children in the
typically developing groups children in the DCD groups ages 4–6 years achieved significantly worse results
for the 20-m sprint, and children of the DCD groups ages 10–12 years achieved significantly worse results for
the 6-min run, jump-and-reach test, and medicine ball throw. The study demonstrates poorer performance in
fitness tests with high demands on coordination in children with DCD compared to their typically developing
peers. Furthermore, the differences in fitness increased with age between children in the DCD groups versus
the typically developing groups.

ISL

3.Kematangan
4.Amali permainan kanak-kanak berkaitan faktor yg mempengaruhi pertumbuhan,kematangan dan prestasi
5.Amali permainan kanak-kanak berkaitan aktiviti fizikal dan sukan
6.Pemprosesan maklumat
7.Kawalan motor
8.Attention dan prestasi
9.Koordinasi ( discrete task , continous task ) perbezaan individu
10Pembelajaran motor
11. Prinsip latihan
12. maklumbalas
13. pengekalan dan pemindahan

Motor Learning: Introduction to Motor Learning http://www.mediafir...

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Kerja Kursus Perkembangan Motor

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Introduction to Motor Learning
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Effect Of Early Stimulation
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Fine Motor Development
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Movement and The Changing Senses
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Teori Pembelajaran
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